{"id":3633,"date":"2020-10-16T18:27:57","date_gmt":"2020-10-16T23:27:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.vanshnookenraggen.com\/_index\/?p=3633"},"modified":"2020-10-16T18:31:39","modified_gmt":"2020-10-16T23:31:39","slug":"deinterlining-with-one-switch","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vanshnookenraggen.com\/_index\/2020\/10\/deinterlining-with-one-switch\/","title":{"rendered":"Deinterlining with One Switch"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><em>Regular readers of this blog may have noticed a lack of new content in a long time. This has not been because of a lack of work on my part but because the new work has been taking so long. Over the last year and a half I have been working with <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/homesignalblog.wordpress.com\/\" target=\"_blank\">Uday S<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/homesignalblog.wordpress.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">c<\/a><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/homesignalblog.wordpress.com\/\" target=\"_blank\">hultz<\/a> on an in depth report on what a deinterlined NYC subway system would look like as a precursor to the next futureNYC Subway proposal. At the beginning of the Covid-19 shutdown I was able to get much of the report written but with ridership at a third of pre-Covid levels and a long recovery ahead of us I felt that the timing was not right for such a report (nor, for that matter, a proposal to expand the subway.) When light begins to shine at the end of this tunnel I will revisit releasing both the report and next future subway vision. But for now I felt that a specific proposal needed to be brought up.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey have been pushing the Federal government to fund their proposed AirTrain to LaGuardia Airport. This year the <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lgaaccesseis.com\/draft-eis\" target=\"_blank\">Draft Environmental Impact Statement<\/a> was released and the comments were mostly in favor due to the support of Governor Andrew Cuomo and labor groups. There has been some push back from local residents and online transit groups but I hazard to guess most New Yorkers don&#8217;t even know this is happening.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In a <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vanshnookenraggen.com\/_index\/2018\/06\/the-r-train-laguardia-airport-and-the-ripple-effect-in-transit\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.vanshnookenraggen.com\/_index\/2018\/06\/the-r-train-laguardia-airport-and-the-ripple-effect-in-transit\/\" target=\"_blank\">post<\/a> which is seeing the rounds again I speculated that by extending the Astoria Line (presently the N\/W but as proposed the R train) to LaGuardia Airport instead of the AirTrain the Broadway Line (N\/Q\/R\/W) could be see capacity expanded and service delays eliminated. While this proposal still stands I have become more convinced that the chips are stacked in the favor of the AirTrain. Governor Cuomo knows how to pull political leavers better than anyone and he knows that the FAA will fund a people mover to the airport but not actual transit. As such the AirTrain has been preordained while a more useful subway extension was never a real option. Where, then, does this leave fixing the bottlenecks of the Broadway Line?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For those who are new to the issue: the Broadway Line has a series of extremely limiting bottlenecks which reduce overall system capacity and are the cause of daily delays:<\/p><div id=\"vansh-4186163434\" class=\"vansh-content vansh-entity-placement\" style=\"margin-top: 32px;margin-bottom: 32px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vanmaps.com\/product-category\/track-maps\/\" aria-label=\"ad_long_v2\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.vanshnookenraggen.com\/_index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/ad_long_v2.jpg\" alt=\"\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vanshnookenraggen.com\/_index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/ad_long_v2.jpg 1661w, https:\/\/www.vanshnookenraggen.com\/_index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/ad_long_v2-595x301.jpg 595w, https:\/\/www.vanshnookenraggen.com\/_index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/ad_long_v2-768x388.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.vanshnookenraggen.com\/_index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/ad_long_v2-960x485.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1661px) 100vw, 1661px\" width=\"1661\" height=\"840\"  style=\"display: inline-block;\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>N trains merge from the express to local track between 42nd St and 34th St. This merge limits service to Astoria and Forest Hills<\/li><li>In Brooklyn at DeKalb Interlocking the N\/Q and B\/D trains all mix to serve different branches. The track layout at this interlocking causes all trains to slow down to the point that many trains have to stop on the Manhattan Bridge and wait. Reverse branching also causes delays to ripple down multiple subway lines.<\/li><li>The R train is forced to use the Queens Blvd Line (and merge with the N\/W in the 60th St Tunnel) due to a lack of direct yard access in Brooklyn.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The gist of my original R train proposal was that by extending the Astoria Line to LaGuardia Airport a new yard could be built along the way in an area which is now just a ConEd parking lot. This would eliminate the need for most of the merges on the Broadway Line and allow the streamlined local and express services to run more trains. At the same time I proposed deinterlining the DeKalb Interlocking so that B\/D trains would run along the Brighton Line and the N\/Q trains would run along 4th Ave. Now, assuming no new yard will be built in Astoria, we must find another way to detangle these lines. Fortunately a new way forward is not only simpler but cheaper.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.vanshnookenraggen.com\/_index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/dekalb_tracks-1-960x218.png\" alt=\"DeKalb Interlocking after deinterlining.\" class=\"wp-image-3643\" width=\"960\" height=\"218\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vanshnookenraggen.com\/_index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/dekalb_tracks-1-960x218.png 960w, https:\/\/www.vanshnookenraggen.com\/_index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/dekalb_tracks-1-595x135.png 595w, https:\/\/www.vanshnookenraggen.com\/_index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/dekalb_tracks-1-768x175.png 768w, https:\/\/www.vanshnookenraggen.com\/_index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/dekalb_tracks-1.png 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><figcaption>DeKalb Interlocking showing service patterns after deinterlining. Lines no longer merge.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The DeKalb Interlocking deinterlining shall remain as it is probably the worst choke point in the entire B Division of the subway. In this new proposal N\/Q trains will run on the Brighton Beach Line and B\/D trains the 4th Ave express. The major change is that now all 4th Ave local trains, the R, will be rerouted along the West End Line, currently serviced by the D train. W trains will be extended from Whitehall to 36th St and along the West End Line to Bay Parkway. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.vanshnookenraggen.com\/_index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/36_int.png\" alt=\"Track diagram showing the current (left) track layout of 4th Ave at 36th St and the proposed (right) new switches between 36th St and 45th St.\" class=\"wp-image-3639\" width=\"689\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vanshnookenraggen.com\/_index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/36_int.png 689w, https:\/\/www.vanshnookenraggen.com\/_index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/36_int-595x884.png 595w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 689px) 100vw, 689px\" \/><figcaption>Track diagram showing the current (left) track layout of 4th Ave at 36th St and the proposed (right) new switches between 36th St and 45th St.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Just south of 36th St a new set of switches from the local to express tracks will be built to allow the B train to switch to local from 45th St to 95th St in Bay Ridge. The D will take over the N along the Sea Beach Line to Coney Island. The B, now serving the Bay Ridge Line, will have direct yard access to the Concourse Yard in the Bronx and the R\/W will now use the Coney Island shops.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.vanshnookenraggen.com\/_index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/4thaveprov-960x719.png\" alt=\"Cutout of the area around 36th St and 4th Ave in Brooklyn showing provisions for an unbuilt junction and set of switches. From the New York City Track Map.\" class=\"wp-image-3644\" width=\"960\" height=\"719\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vanshnookenraggen.com\/_index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/4thaveprov-960x719.png 960w, https:\/\/www.vanshnookenraggen.com\/_index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/4thaveprov-595x445.png 595w, https:\/\/www.vanshnookenraggen.com\/_index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/4thaveprov-768x575.png 768w, https:\/\/www.vanshnookenraggen.com\/_index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/4thaveprov.png 1129w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><figcaption>Cutout of the area around 36th St and 4th Ave in Brooklyn showing provisions for an unbuilt junction and set of switches. From the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vanshnookenraggen.com\/_index\/2019\/11\/updated-nyc-and-boston-track-maps\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">New York City Track Map<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Early subway builders designed their systems to have as much flexibility in running trains as possible (and, unfortunately, as cheap as possible). The tracks features numerous switched so that trains can freely move around the system. This is great for emergency changes and maintenance but bad for everyday service as in the case of the N switching between express and local near Times Sq. In many places builders placed holes in the tunnel walls incase the need for additional switched were ever needed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Along the 4th Ave Line in Brooklyn space was left south of the 36th St station for three full switches on all tracks (*53a in the map above.) While I have not found any official reasoning for these provisions, it is possible that they were designed if 36th St had to be used for a temporary terminal or if stations further south needed different levels of service (especially if the proposed Staten Island Tunnel had been built).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Astute readers will see that adding new switches will add a new merge. But this merge is limited to one line so delays won&#8217;t ripple throughout the system the way they do with current reverse branched lines. This merge can be factored into the running times of the B and D trains better than trying to work out merges between the N and D and B and Q trains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To achieve optimal performance more deinterlining will be needed on the Broadway and 6th Ave Lines. The N will be rerouted to 96th St-2nd Ave with the Q and could even be eliminated for a &lt;Q&gt; service instead. The A and B trains will swap along Central Park West so that B\/D trains will stay on the express track the entire way between 145th St and 36th St in Brooklyn. R trains will move to Astoria along with the W. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>In the final deinterlining report these additional changes and more will be explained in depth. For now the focus is just on DeKalb and 4th Ave.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Local vs Express<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The big winners of this switch will be Sunset Park and Bay Ridge riders who will see more service and a quicker ride on the express tracks. Sea Beach riders will see slightly more service as well. The most obvious problem to this plan is that West End Line riders will go from having an express train to a local. But there is more to a trip than just which train goes where. Total travel time isn&#8217;t just how long the train takes but also how long a rider must wait for a train, or the frequency. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.vanshnookenraggen.com\/_index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/westend_times-960x272.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3640\" width=\"960\" height=\"272\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vanshnookenraggen.com\/_index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/westend_times-960x272.png 960w, https:\/\/www.vanshnookenraggen.com\/_index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/westend_times-595x169.png 595w, https:\/\/www.vanshnookenraggen.com\/_index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/westend_times-768x218.png 768w, https:\/\/www.vanshnookenraggen.com\/_index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/westend_times.png 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>D trains run every 6 minutes and take 32 minutes from Stillwell Av to Atlantic Av via the 4th Ave express tracks for a trip total of 38 minutes. R trains run every 6 minuets at peak but usually every 10 during the day and take 3.5 minutes longer than express trains between 36th St and Atlantic Ave.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>With a much higher frequency the overall travel time is the same. By increasing service to every 3 minutes a West End R train via the 4th Ave local tracks will get a rider to Atlantic Av in the same 38 minutes. While not necessarily making the trip faster it will not make the overall trip any slower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Additionally, the West End express track can be used for peak rush hour service which will shave 12 minutes off travel between Stillwell Av and 9th Av. Assuming 10 minute headways for peak express trains a rider can still get to Atlantic Ave in 38 minutes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.vanshnookenraggen.com\/_index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/deint_southbrooklyn-960x900.png\" alt=\"Map of proposed post switch service. Colored lines show service levels through thickness; thicker lines have higher levels of service. Dark gay areas show unused\/unusable capacity along lines.\" class=\"wp-image-3641\" width=\"960\" height=\"900\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vanshnookenraggen.com\/_index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/deint_southbrooklyn-960x900.png 960w, https:\/\/www.vanshnookenraggen.com\/_index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/deint_southbrooklyn-595x558.png 595w, https:\/\/www.vanshnookenraggen.com\/_index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/deint_southbrooklyn-768x720.png 768w, https:\/\/www.vanshnookenraggen.com\/_index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/deint_southbrooklyn.png 1070w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><figcaption>Map of proposed post switch service. Colored lines show service levels through thickness; thicker lines have higher levels of service. Dark gay areas show unused\/unusable capacity along lines.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Service Increase<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Bay Ridge Line will see an increase of up to <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">50%<\/span> over existing levels of service and riders will save 5 minutes each way to Atlantic Ave:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Present: R trains at 10tph, 28 minutes local 95th St to Atlantic Ave<\/li><li>Proposed: B trains at 15tph, 23 minutes express 95th St to Atlantic Av<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The Brighton Beach Line will see and increase of up to <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">66.6%<\/span> over existing levels of service:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Present: B and Q trains at a combined 18tph<\/li><li>Proposed N and Q trains at a combined 30tph<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The Sea Beach Line will see and increase of up to <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">66.6%<\/span> over existing levels of service:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Present: N trains at 9tph<\/li><li>Proposed: D trains at 15tph<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The West End Line will see and increase of up to <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">80%<\/span> over existing levels of service:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Present: D trains at 10tph, 12 minutes express 36th St to Atlantic Av<\/li><li>Proposed: R trains at 18tph, 15 minutes local 36th St to Atlantic Av.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Building a new switch instead of a full subway extension and yard would have the highest return on investment of possibly any transit investment. Though with MTA costs still out of control it&#8217;s hard to know just how much this will cost. Proposed new switches at Rogers Junction on the IRT Eastern Parkway Line have seen cost estimates between $300m and $1.6b. But there no switch provisions exist. On 4th Ave the space exists and will require far less construction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The new routes would change how riders will have to think about commuting but the benefits far out weigh any short term inconvenience. Deinterlining the Brooklyn branches will also allow the network to better respond to demand changes and will cut down on delays. The service levels proposed above are the maximum possible in the current system and can be easily dialed down if needed. CBTC signals will allow more service when installed but aren&#8217;t required for this switch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The MTA and NYCT are using the current downturn in ridership to work on maintenance backlogs and get work done quicker. Recently a rebuild of the E train tracks along the Archer Ave Line was finished ahead of schedule and work on the Rutgers St Tunnel (damaged by Superstorm Sandy) is moving along quickly. Installing a new switch isn&#8217;t as simple as placing new tracks but it is far more simple than planning and building a new line. A post-Covid world will see fewer riders going to Manhattan but more within their own borough and more throughout the day. The system we need for tomorrow is not the one we&#8217;ve inherited. Now is the time to start thinking about how to stabilize and turn the ship.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"entry-summary\">\nDeinterlining the Broadway and 6th Ave Lines might not need a subway extension to LaGuardia Airport and can be done quickly and cheaply.\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.vanshnookenraggen.com\/_index\/2020\/10\/deinterlining-with-one-switch\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &ldquo;Deinterlining with One Switch&rdquo;<\/span>&hellip;<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3641,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[78,1,435,7,4,8],"tags":[920,925,922,581,415,926,924,779,921,917,896,326,918,859,25,919,107],"class_list":["post-3633","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","category-cities","category-futurenycsubway","category-maps","category-new-york","category-transportation","tag-4th-ave","tag-6th-ave","tag-andrew-cuomo-2","tag-bay-ridge","tag-bmt","tag-brighton-beach","tag-broadway-line","tag-brooklyn","tag-deinterlining","tag-dekalb","tag-laguardia-airport","tag-mta","tag-nyct","tag-panynj","tag-subway","tag-sunset-park","tag-transit","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vanshnookenraggen.com\/_index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3633","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vanshnookenraggen.com\/_index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vanshnookenraggen.com\/_index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vanshnookenraggen.com\/_index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vanshnookenraggen.com\/_index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3633"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.vanshnookenraggen.com\/_index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3633\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3660,"href":"https:\/\/www.vanshnookenraggen.com\/_index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3633\/revisions\/3660"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vanshnookenraggen.com\/_index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3641"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vanshnookenraggen.com\/_index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3633"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vanshnookenraggen.com\/_index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3633"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vanshnookenraggen.com\/_index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3633"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}